Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of brain cancer. Diagnosis is often complicated, and treatment must be tailored to the individual since this condition can vary in severity from person to person. This article will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatments for PCNSL.
What is Primary CNS Lymphoma?
Primary CNS lymphoma often recurs (comes back) after it has been treated.
PCNSL is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that develops in the central nervous system (CNS). It usually develops in the brain and spinal cord but can also affect the eyes. This cancer is typically slow-growing and can be challenging to detect and treat. In some cases, PCNSL may respond to radiation or chemotherapy, but often surgery is necessary to remove the tumor altogether.
What Causes Primary CNS Lymphoma?
The exact cause of Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) is unknown. However, researchers believe certain viruses and risk factors may contribute to developing PCNSL. For example, people with certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, are more likely to develop PCNSL. Additionally, exposure to radiation or pesticides may increase an individual’s risk of developing cancer. Finally, experts believe some people may have a genetic disposition toward developing PCNSL.
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How to Diagnose and Treat Primary CNS Lymphoma?
There is no standard staging system for primary CNS lymphoma.
PCNSL can be challenging to diagnose due to its non-specific and often undetectable symptoms. Diagnosis usually involves an MRI scan or a lumbar puncture, with the results of a cerebrospinal fluid sample analyzed under a microscope. Treatment options depend on the type, tumor size, and cancer stage. In most cases, treatment for PCNSL includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Medications such as rituximab may also be prescribed to help reduce inflammation.
What Are the Symptoms?
The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma can vary from person to person. Still, some common signs and symptoms include headaches, seizures, confusion, vision changes, altered or impaired cognitive functions, balance and coordination issues, limb weakness, or facial paralysis. Other associated symptoms may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. It is essential to recognize these signs, as early diagnosis can help ensure successful treatment.
Tests are done to determine if cancer cells have spread within the brain and spinal cord or to the eye.
Is There Anything That Can Help Manage PCNSL?
While there is currently no cure for PCNSL, treatments are available to help manage the condition. These treatments may include radio- or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and hormone therapy. In cases where it is caught early enough, surgery may also be an option for removing tumors in the brain. Working closely with a medical team to find the best treatment plan for your needs should be a priority if you have been diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma.
